VAT Calculator
Add VAT to a net price or remove it from a gross price — UK 20% by default, or any EU rate.
- Net amount
- £100.00
- VAT (20%)
- £20.00
- Total (incl. VAT)
- £120.00
Billing in another country? Type its VAT rate into the custom box — the maths is identical.
Adding vs removing VAT
The two operations are not symmetrical, which is where most VAT mistakes come from.
Add VAT
Gross = net × (1 + rate ÷ 100). £100 + 20% → £120.
Remove VAT (reverse)
Net = gross × 100 ÷ (100 + rate). £120 → £100, not £96.
Subtracting 20% of £120 gives £96 — the classic error. The VAT was added to £100, so it is £20, not £24.
UK VAT rates
| Rate | Applies to |
|---|---|
| 20% standard | Most goods and services |
| 5% reduced | Domestic energy, children's car seats, some others |
| 0% zero-rated | Most food, children's clothing, books, newspapers |
| Exempt | Insurance, postage stamps, some property (not the same as 0%) |
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I add VAT to a price?
Multiply the net amount by the VAT rate and add it: VAT = net × rate ÷ 100, and the gross = net + VAT. At the UK standard rate of 20%, a £100 net price becomes £20 VAT and £120 gross. Use 'Add VAT' above.
How do I remove VAT from a gross price?
Divide the gross by (100 + rate) and multiply by 100 to get the net: net = gross × 100 ÷ (100 + rate). At 20%, a £120 gross price has a £100 net and £20 of VAT. A common mistake is subtracting 20% of the gross — that gives the wrong answer, because the 20% was added to the net, not the gross. Use 'Remove VAT' above to do it correctly.
What is the UK VAT rate?
The UK standard rate is 20%, which applies to most goods and services. A reduced rate of 5% applies to some items such as domestic energy and children's car seats, and a 0% zero rate applies to most food, children's clothing and books. Some supplies are exempt from VAT entirely, which is different from being zero-rated.
Can I use this for EU VAT?
Yes. EU VAT rates vary by country — standard rates run from 17% in Luxembourg to 27% in Hungary — so enter the rate for the country you are billing in the custom rate box, and the calculation works the same way. Common standard rates include Ireland 23%, Germany 19%, France 20%, Spain 21%, and the Netherlands 21%.
Is this VAT calculator free?
Yes, free and no sign-up. When you're ready to bill, you can create a full VAT invoice with your VAT number and a sequential invoice number using Bilto's free invoice generator.
Ready to invoice?
Create a professional VAT invoice with your VAT number and a compliant layout — free, no sign-up.
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